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| Vostok | SL -1 | A | Relatively unmodified R-7 ICBM test vehicles used to launch first two Sputniks |
| Vostok | SL -2 | A | Modified R-7 ICBM used to launch Sputnik 3 |
| Vostok | SL -3 | A - 1 | The 8A92M version was developed for launches of lighter but higher-altitude Meteor and other satellite payloads from Plesetsk |
| Soyuz | SL - 4 | A - 2 | Work Horse of the manned program |
| Vostok | SL - 5 | A - 1 | Version of R-7 launch vehicle with Vostok second stage and unknown third stage used only twice to launch prototype RORSATs |
| Molniya | SL - 6 | A-2-e | Communication Satellite Launcher |
| Komos | SL - 7 | B - 1 | Small payload launcher |
| Tskylon | SL - 8 | C | Prototype of light satellite launcher based on Yangel R-14 (8K65) IRBM |
| Proton | SL - 9 | D | Two Stage Proton |
| Soyuz | SL - 10 | A | Two stage version of Vostok. Used for flight test of prototype Chelomei ASAT after cancellation of UR-200 booster and before availability of Tskylon |
| Tskylon | SL - 11 | F | Military Launcher |
| Proton | SL - 12 | D 1 e | Proton / Block DM Geosynchronous communications |
| Proton | SL - 13 | D 1 | Proton 3 stage to launch Salyut |
| Tsyklon | SL - 14 | F - 2 | Military Launcher |
| N - 1 | SL - 15 | G - 1 | Moon Launcher |
| Zenith | SL - 16 | J - 1 | Current General purpose Launcher |
| Energia | SL - 17 | J | Energia-Buran Reusable Space System (MKS) |